A comparative study of conventional PID and fuzzy-PID for DC motor speed control

Self Tuning Fuzzy PID and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers are developed and compared for used in direct current (DC) motor. A simulation study of both controller for the armature voltage controlled DC motors is performed to overcome the appearrance of nonlinearities and uncertainties in the system. The fuzzy logic controller is designed according to fuzzy rules so that the systems are fundamentally robust. There are 49 fuzzy rules for self tuning of each parameter of FUZZY-PID controller. Fuzzy Logic is used to tune each parameter of the proportional, integral and derivative (KP,KI,KD) gains of the PID controller. The FLC has two inputs. One is the motor speed error between the reference and actual speed and the second is changed in speed error (rate of change error). The output of the FLC i.e the parameter of PID controller are used to control the speed of the DC motor [1]. Different types of membership functions such as triangular, trapezoidal, gaussian are evaluated in the fuzzy control and the best performance will be used in FUZZY PID for comparative analysis with the conventional PID. The membership function and the rules have been defined using FIS editor given in MATLAB. Three different scenario are simulated, which are step response, load disturbances and noise disturbance. The FUZZY-PID controller has been tuned by trial and error and performance parameters are Rise time, Settling Time, Percent Overshoot and Integral Absolute error [21]

Penelitian “strategi seram” dalam filem rumah berhantu Malaysia dan Amerika

Tujuan utama artikel ini adalah untuk membongkar pelbagai strategi seram yang terkandung di dalam filem seram berkonsepkan rumah hantu Malaysia dan Amerika Syarikat. Kewujudan rumah berhantu di alam nyata mampu menimbulkan rasa takut dalam kalangan penonton apabila mereka menonton filem seram. Ini adalah kerana, penggunaan latar rumah berhantu mempunyai beberapa motif, elemen dan aspek teknikal tertentu. Artikel ini ingin menjelaskan dengan lebih terperinci tentang makna uncanny untuk mengenalpasti akan kesannya terhadap filem-filem rumah hantu dari seleksi klasik dan juga yang terkini. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan teoretika, hubungan uncanny dan filem rumah hantu di Malaysia dan Amerika Syarikat dapatlah difokuskan. Berdasarkan theory uncanny Sigmund Freud, Andrew Bennett dan Nicholas Royle, dapatlah disenaraikan beberapa aspek yang mempunyai potensi seram yang kebiasaannya boleh mempengaruhi penghuni rumah hantu dan secara keseluruhannya aspek-aspek tersebut juga telah digunapakai untuk membikin filem-filem rumah hantu yang lain di Malaysia dan Amerika. Hasil perbincangan ini akan mempamerkan hubungkait diantara strategi-strategi seram dan uncanny di mana ianya boleh digunapakai untuk analisis filem-filem rumah berhantu di Malaysia dan Amerika Syarikat

Lightning generated electric field over land and sea at Northern Region of Peninsular Malaysia: Measuring Setup

Lightning is the transfer of significant charge between two charged object, it can appear between cloud-to-cloud, cloud-to-air and cloud-to-ground. All lightning activities are correlated with charge movement and therefore, it can be studied using measurement of electrostatic field (slow field changes), radiation field (fast field changes) and magnetic field affiliated with charge movement. The measuring equipment was a parallel flat plate and vertical whip antenna with an analog filter buffer circuit, connected to a digital high speed oscilloscope. In principle, both antenna have a similar measuring operation, with the exclusion of the antennas dimension, mode of transient recoder and the association of circuitry characteristic (decay time constant). This measurement setup are commonly used to perform electric field characterization related to various lightning events such as as preliminary breakdown, stepped leader, return stroke, subsequent return stroke, dart leader, dart-stepped leader, narrow bipolar pulses and cloud activity between strokes, such as regular pulse trains, K and M changes and chaotic pulse trains. The measurement systems are located very close to the sea, with respect in obtaining a perspicuous explaination of lightning propagation effects on sea instead on land. Noise-distorted effects in data captured usually introduce in a noisy environment or when the lightning strike far from the measurement station, thus the data gathered from the measurement need to be filter using MATLAB computer simulation before conducting further analysis. A promising wavelet 1-D technique, then, were used in signal denoising process rather using conventional filtration. In this works, the state of art in measuring vertical component of electric field focalized sea area during the thunderstorm days been demonstrate and explained

Unravelling the family-based haunted house film patterns in Malaysian and American haunted house films

In this article, we attempt to unravel the family-based haunted house film patterns in both Malaysia and America. Certain types of tropes and attributes have been used by horror filmmakers over the years to define the family motif-pattern of haunted houses in the media. Some of these elements have undergone change over time but most of them still adhere to the rules that constitute the family-based haunted house film patterns based on two Malay films and two American films. These rules were compared and contrasted by applying a combination of two theories which were formulated by Propp and Bailey. Application of these formulas has resulted in the findings of twelve plot functions as examined in this article. Upon analysis of the corpus, it has also been found that there are 10 existing attributes of a haunted house. The findings suggest that the haunted house film pattern is not merely a motif but it is also able to exhibit a number of themes which are considered prominent in haunted house films such as the Manichean clash between good and evil. The convergence and divergence between the Malaysian and American horror flicks show that cultural and religious practices govern the ways in which good and evil are expressed

The shadow archetype as stimulation for descriptive writing : a postcolonial gothic pedagogy

Students at the UiTM Seri Iskandar Campus were found to have a limited ability to describe and expand creatively on subjects in class, particularly during their in-class evaluations. A first evaluation determined that this was due to a lack of writing stimulus in class. Therefore, we initiated the incorporation of two figures from horror fiction and folklore (Cthulhu and the Pontianak) into a type of creative stimulation aimed at improving pupils' descriptive writing abilities. This was accomplished by applying the Jungian shadow archetype in action-based research, incorporating the psychological stimulus into class-based activity. This had the effect of providing and thus empowering the students to improve their descriptive writing. Additionally, students benefitted from this recommended archetype-related stimulation by expanding their creativity and vocabulary via the process of defining the subject. The primary intention behind the research methodology of incorporating these two figures in class-based activity is to discern the points of divergence in which gender-based horror figures provide more psychological impact. The research objective is to investigate the ways in which the shadow archetype as a stimulus enables students to express themselves better, first through speech and then through descriptive writing. It is shown that students responded well to this Gothic pedagogical method and were able to express themselves better. The findings indicate that students exhibited increased performance in their descriptive ability and displayed understanding of the concept of the shadow archetypes. The study's conclusion is that utilising psychological cues promotes improved writing in Malaysian students

Evolusi watak makhluk ciptaan Frankenstein sebagai metafora penerimaan aspek pantang larang oleh masyarakat kontemporari

Makhluk ciptaan Frankenstein sentiasa menjadi salah satu daripada watak yang ditakuti dan dipinggirkan masyarakat dalam banyak filem seram yang telah dihasilkan. Penciptaannya digambarkan sebagai satu cara mencabar kuasa Tuhan. Sejak ianya mula dicipta, makhluk tersebut telah menjadi satu lambang dosa, penderhakaan, kegagalan, dan pantang larang dalam banyak karya sastera. Telah bertahun lamanya watak makhluk ciptaan Frankenstein diadaptasi dalam banyak filem. Pada masa yang sama, kriteria dan perwatakan makhluk tersebut juga telah diubah daripada watak yang menjijikkan ramai kepada watak yang lebih menyenangkan umum. Dalam mengenal pasti kesahihan perkara tersebut, tiga watak yang mewakili makhluk ciptaan Frankenstein daripada korpus yang berbeza telah dianalisis dengan menggunakan konsep Entextualization, salah satu daripada cabang disiplin di bawah Comparative Literature atau dikenali sebagai Kesusasteraan Perbandingan. Makhluk yang pertama diambil daripada buku karangan Mary Shelley yang bertajuk ‘Frankenstein’, diikuti oleh makhluk ciptaan Frankenstein daripada filem Van Helsing, dan akhir sekali daripada satu rangkaian anime Jepun, Soul Eater. Dengan menggunakan Entextualization, hasil penemuan menunjukkan bahawa kriteria dan perwatakan asal makhluk ciptaan Frankenstein yang ditakuti serta dipinggirkan masyarakat telah diubahsuai menjadi watak yang lebih menyenangkan ramai, bersifat gagah berani dan diberi peranan yang penting. Peralihan tersebut dianggap amat penting kerana ianyan dapat disimpulkan sebagai satu cerminan corak sosial dalam aspek penerimaan masyarakat social terhadap sesuatu yang dianggap sebagai pantang larang yang tidak boleh dilanggar sama sekali. Kesusasteraan Perbandingan juga digunapakai bagi menampakkan lagi persamaan dan perbezaan yang terdapat dalam korpus yang telah dipilih. Kajian ini dikenalpasti telah menyumbang kepada perkembangan kajian genre seram secara khusus dan kajian sosial secara umumnya

Archetypal criticism : the notion of monomania overturns the hero’s journey

Research have presented a broad overview concerning the notion of Archetypes. While previous studies equate the significance of Archetypes in recurring nature and familiarization of literary elements, the ways in which Archetypes ‘find’ cracks-in the stories are perpetually relegated. The relative significance of Archetypes, by taking into consideration works of novels, expose the gap between the oscillation of ‘departure’ and ‘conclusion.’ This study attempts to explore the many ways in which monomania is preserved, contested, and how monomania creates an ‘unstable alliance’ between characters and plots. Specifically, the notion of monomania is used to destabilize Archetypal Hero’s journey. First, the study sheds light on the Archetypal Hero character, named Heathcliff, in Wuthering Heights (1847) by Emily Bronte. Second, monomania is used as a lens to examine one of the central characters, Captain Ahab in Moby Dick (1851) by Herman Melville. By focusing on the concept of Archetypal Hero’s Journey, the influence of monomaniac is brought to the centre of discussion. As such, the destabilisation of plots and characters is described in its vibrancy through the lens of monomaniac

Comparison of lightning return stroke channel-base current models with measured lightning current

Electromagnetic pulse radiation produced around the lightning stroke channel has caused the disturbance to the microelectronic industry, especially to disturbance of high frequency to electronic systems. Lightning channel-base current function (CBC) characteristics and parameters determine lightning electromagnetic field (LEMF) results obtained on the basis of the used models. This paper evaluated and compared the measured lightning current and six lightning current-based channels models namely Bruce and Golde, Heidler, Diendorfer and Uman, Nucci, Pierce and Cianos and new current-based current (NCBC) models. In terms of the waveshape, among all the six lightning channel-based current models discussed, the models developed by Javor, Nucci and Diendorfer and Uman have showed a good agreement compared to the measured lightning current. In terms of 10-90% risetime and full width half maximum time (FWHM) comparison, NCBC and Nucci models have showed compatible comparison. However, Nucci model is not easily adjustable to different desired pulse-current waveshapes. On the other hand, NCBC model can be simplified, the values of lightning peak current and risetime can be chosen arbitrarily and independently from other parameters, and there is no need for the peak-correction factor, so that reduces the number of parameters. Therefore, the NCBC model was suggested to be used in the future in order to simulate much accurate return stroke model. This knowledge will contribute to the development of a new accurate and efficient return stroke model

Lightning generated electric field over land and sea at Northern Region of Peninsular Malaysia: Measuring Setup

Lightning electric fields can be characterized based on its origins which include the preliminary breakdown, stepped leader, return stroke, subsequent return stroke, dart leader, dart-stepped leader, narrow bipolar pulses, cloud activity between strokes, regular pulse trains, K and M changes, and chaotic pulse trains. The aim of this work is to describe a lightning measuring setup suitable for characterizing lightning electric fields and their propagation when the measuring sensors are close to the sea. A location close to the sea in Northern Malaysia was identified and prepared for the study. Parallel plate and vertical whip antennas are used as the main sensors, which are connected to a high-speed digital storage oscilloscope through customized analog filter buffer circuits. Noise-distortion effects in the recorded data are filtered using MATLAB computer simulation before further analyses are carried out. The 1-D wavelet technique is used in the signal denoising process. Preliminary results show that the installed setup and denoising method is adequate and potentially efficient for the pre-processing of lightning electric field signals, and hence can be used for the detailed characterization study including the effects of sea on lightning characteristics and propagation

The figure of the Nenek Kebayan and the witch in selected haunted house films

This study analyses the Malay folkloric trope of the Nenek Kebayan and how this supernatural figure is connected to the Gothic trope of the haunted house in selected horror films. This study contends that the figure of the Nenek Kebayan is instrumental in the haunting effect of these homes. Three horror films have therefore been chosen to analyse the motif of the Nenek Kebayan and the haunted house which are Congkak (2005), Al-Hijab (2011) and additionally, the figure of the Nenek Kebayan is compared to the figure of the spectral Witch in The Conjuring (2013). In so doing, this study adapts the Structural Uncanny Haunted House Framework (SUHHF) as a theoretical framework. SUHHF is an Uncanny adaptation of Joshua Comaroff’s and Ong Ker-Shing’s concept of the architecture of horror. SUHHF focuses primarily on three aspects of the haunted house which are The Surmounted Corpse that provides insights to the external and internal layer of the house, The Hazardous Transition that explains the application of the transitional elements of the haunted house and finally the Trojan Compartment that reveals the secret spaces in the haunted house. Furthermore, filmic technique is deployed as a methodology to capture the moments of haunting by the Nenek Kebayan and her cognate, the Witch. The implication of this study to provide a deeper appreciation and understanding in regards to aspect of the Nenek Kebayan and the haunted house setting in the examined films